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Acyclovir (topical, oral and parentral }
Acyclovir (topical, oral and parentral)
MOA
1) A guanosine analogue, activated by viral thymidine kinase into Acyclo GMP.
2) Then converted by human cellular kinase into Acyclo GTP (active form).
3) AcycloGTP inhibits viral DNA polymerase selectively and incorporated into DNA ➔ terminates DNA synthesis.
✓ Viral resistance developed by decrease activity of DNA polymerase or viral thymidine kinase
Uses
1) Herpes simplex I (oral infection) and herpes simplex virus II (genital infection).
2) Herpes III (Herpes zoster and Varicella zoster (chicken pox).
3) Herpes IV (infectious mononucleiosis (EBV).
4) In high oral doses effective in treatment of shingles.
5) Not good for CMV (cytomegallo virus, Herpes V) ➔ doesn’t contain thymidine kinase.
Side effects
Encephalopathy and nephrotoxicity (renal insufficiency) with little bone marrow depression.
